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Sunday 18 October 2020
Monday 24 August 2020
Wednesday 19 August 2020
The use of Traditional Chinese Medicines to treat COVID 19 may cause more good than harm
Tiejun Tang
This morning I read an article from the
website of Professor Edzard Ernst. The article title is “The use of Traditional
Chinese Medicines to treat SARS-CoV-2 may cause more harm than good”. I totally
disagree with this opinion and after some investigation, I would like to change
a few words in the title of his paper -- "The use of Traditional Chinese
Medicines to treat COVID 19 may cause more good than
harm."
Actually Mr Ernst is not the author of
this article. This paper was originally published by two Australian doctors two
month ago [1]. Their conclusion was mainly based on an
article which was published by a group of Japanese doctors in 2017. It was a
Meta-Analysis paper. The author using PubMed and Ichushi-Web-the database of
the Japan Medical Abstracts Society to identify articles published between 1996
and 2015 describing patients with Japanese herbal medicine induced pneumonia.
They found that 73 patients have been diagnosed with pneumonia after taking
Japanese herbal medicine[2] . The mean age at pneumonia
diagnosis was 63.2 ± 15.5 years. The herbal formulas
they used were sho-saiko-to (小柴胡汤) (26%),
sairei-to (柴苓汤)(16%),
seishin-renshi-in (清心莲子饮) (8%)and
bofu-tsusyo-san (防风通圣散) (8%).These
formulas all are traditional Chinese medicine formulas which were widely used
for hundreds or thousands of years in China, but not for early stage common
cold or flu complaints. Chinese medicine diagnosis for early stage common
cold or flu is Taiyang syndrome and the treatment principle should be expelling
wind cold or wind heat. The indication of sho-saiko-to is Shaoyang syndrome and
of course it is not suitable for Taiyang syndrome. The other 3 formulas are all
not suitable for this stage of Taiyang syndrome. If the treatment missed the
target of diagnosis, it will not work at all.
In addition to the diagnosis problem, I
noticed that the mean age at pneumonia diagnosis was over 60. Elderly people
are easier to develop into pneumonia when they catch cold, that is common
sense. The conclusion of Mr Enomoto’s article was against the basic principle
of statistics -- age group differentiation.
Mr.Gray the author of that article
believes that the Chinese herb Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin) is the cause of
ARDS. Many of the Chinese medicine formulas which are used in Covid 19
treatment contain Huangqin. That is why he gets his opinion of more harm than
good. His evidence for this also came from a Japanese report [3]. In
this report only 5 patients have got ARDS after receiving the herbal treatment.
He uses this very small sample report to against the report from Dr Ren[4]
which includes 701 cases of Covid 19 with a positive result. From Mr Gray’s
article I cannot find any evidence based on a large sample RCT research or
laboratory research.
Mr Edzard Ernst is a very famous retired
professor and critic of Chinese medicine. We all benefit greatly from
constructive logically based criticism but this becomes wasteful and
distracting if the criticism is not based on the principles of medical
statistics, and is selective in it’s use of research results to support a personal
agenda. I would like to be able to say that this paper made a useful addition
to the discussion on the efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicines in the
modern world, but unfortunately I cannot.
Just a few days ago, we received some
positive news from the US National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
who stated that “overall,” treatment with the Chinese herbal medicine Lianhua
Qingwen for 14 days resulted in a “significantly higher rate of, and a shorter
time to, symptom recovery.” Their conclusion is "Traditional Chinese
medicine can help COVID 19 patients recover faster” [5]
I hope that every reader can have a
second thought about this topic. Always follow the science.
Reference:
- Paul E. Gray.
The use of Traditional Chinese Medicines to treat SARS-CoV-2 may cause
more harm than good. Pharmacol Res. 2020 Jun; 156: 104776.
- Enomoto Y.
Japanese herbal medicine-induced pneumonitis: a review of 73
patients. Respir. Investig. 2017; 55:138–144.
- Osamu
Sakamoto. Clinical and CT characteristics of Chinese medicine‐induced acute
respiratory distress syndrome. Respirology 2003;
8(3):344-50. doi: 10.1046.
- Ren J.L.
Traditional Chinese medicine for COVID-19 treatment. Pharmacol.
Res. 2020:104743.
- https://www.onenews.ph/us-health-agency-says-traditional-chinese-medicine-can-help-covid-19-patients-recover-faster
Thursday 30 July 2020
Post-viral syndrome after COVID 19 and its TCM treatment
Tiejun Tang
The peak of the Covid 19 pandemic has passed in the UK and most Europe countries. Many Covid 19 patients showed some sequel symptoms after their body temperature returned to normal: the cough disappeared, virus turned negative and they were discharged from hospital. Some people called these symptoms Covid 19 sequelae. The formal name of this condition should be called “Post Viral Syndrome after COVID 19.” At this stage, patients showed different symptoms to different degrees. Western medicine usually gives a basic symptomatic treatment. The effects are usually not satisfactory. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) already shows a particularly good effect in the acute phase of Covid 19. Additionally, in the post virus era it can also play an important role on the Post-Viral syndrome of Covid 19. My opinion about this syndrome and personal clinical experienceis as follows.
The incidences of post-viral syndrome are various.Not
every Covid-19 patient will develop squeal symptoms. Most young patients or basically
healthy individuals can fully recover after the virus disappear - no squeal
symptoms remain. As Huangdi Neijing said: "The healthy qi strong person
will not get the illness, only qi deficiency person will become sick." However,
for elderly and weak patients, the incidence of squeal symptoms is quite high
and in some cases the symptoms may be severe and even life-threatening. The
incidence of different squeal symptoms varies. Common squeal symptoms mainly
include:
1. Fatigue:
Fatigue is the most common and mildest sequel
symptom of Covid-19. More than half of Covid-19 patients have varying degrees
of fatigue. TCM theory believes that the main causes of fatigue are qi and
blood deficiency. Covid 19 patients have experienced high fever for up to 2-3
weeks. They have taking a variety of western medicines, and a large number of
bitter and coldness herbs which might injury healthy qi. Huangdi Neijing said:
“Normal body temperature produce healthy qi, but high fever will consume healthy
qi”. The healthy qi of patient is exhausted by the “pathogenic heat” caused by coronavirus.
This is the reason for fatigue. Modern medicine calls it "Post-Viral
fatigue syndrome"[1]. Some
patients may develop to a chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS).
2. Depression:
After few months of lockdown, almost everyone has a
certain degree of negative psychological impact. For patients with Covid 19,
they have gone through several weeks of isolated treatment and some severe
cases have experienced it in ICU. They have experienced the life and death test.
The horrible memory about the ventilator and the witnessing the death of other
patients became a negative psychological stimulation to patients. After being
discharged from hospital some patients showed many psychological or physical
symptoms such as depression, panic attack, restlessness, insomnia and worry
about virus recurrence. These symptoms are called "Post-traumatic Stress
Disorder" (PTSD) in western medicine. Although some people who are not
infected by Covid 19 also experienced depression due to the scare about the pandemic
and the changes in their life and work, this kind of post-viral depression is common.
3. Pulmonary
Fibrosis:
According to the report 21.5% of SARA patients had showed
the imaging of pulmonary fibrosis during the recovery period. [2]
The main symptoms were dry cough and progressive dyspnea. Imaging of the lungs
showed characteristic changes in pulmonary fibrosis. The proportion of
pulmonary fibrosis in Covid 19 should be very familiar with SARA.[3]
It has been reported that the average survival time after diagnosis of
pulmonary fibrosis is only 2.-3 years, and the mortality rate is higher than
most of cancer. Pulmonary fibrosis is called "chronic cancer."
Western medicine treats pulmonary fibrosis using two newly developed drugs,
pirfenidone and nintedanib, but both have strong gastrointestinal side effects.
Research on the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis with Chinese herbal medicine
has showed satisfactory results.[4]
4. Fibromyalgia:
Some patients experienced body ache after Covid 19,
and the pain is wandering. The position is mainly in the muscles and bones of
the limbs and back. The pain is usually combined with fatigue and depression.
Western medicine diagnoses it as "fibromyalgia" (FM). The etiology of
this disease is not clear, but it is believed to be related to traumatic
stress, immune disorders, Epstein-Barr virus infection and other factors. The cytokine
storm caused by Covid 19 virus is very likely to be a new cause of
fibromyalgia.
5. Heart failure:
Heart and lungs all located in the chest (upper Jiao).
According to the Zang-fu theory of TCM, heart is the "officer of the
monarch", it dominates blood circulation; Lung is the "officer of
prime minister", it dominates the qi. The heart and lungs are extremely
closely related in their physiological functions, and they also influence each
other in pathology. When lungs get ill heart must be affected. Western medical
research shows that Covid 19 first invaded the human body through the
angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor located on the cell surface.
Many patients develop viral myocarditis and pericarditis after Covid 19, which
leads to heart failure. For some elderly people who have history of coronary
heart disease, after the Covid 19, the patients can still be aggravated by
heart failure or arrhythmia. This became the main reason of death for elderly
Covid 19 patients.
6. Lost the sensation of smell and taste:
The Huangdi Neijing states that “The lung qi flows
through the nose, the smell function depend on the normal function of lungs.” In
Covid 19 patients, their lung qi was injured by the virus. Patients lost smell sensation.
In some cases patient also loss of taste. This condition is very common, and it
has even become one of the characteristic symptoms for the diagnosis of covid
19. After the virus, the recovery of smell and taste is often an extremely slow
process, and it is still uncertain whether it can be completely recovered.
7. Impaired reproductive function:
Studies have shown that Covid19 destroys lung cells
and/or ACE2 protective pathways. The expression of .ACE2 in the ovaries and
testis indicates that this enzyme affects germ cells and fertility function.
Therefore, theoretically, Covid 19 may cause male or female infertility. The
impact of the virus on the fertility function will be gradually revealedin the
future.
The above seven points are the main manifestations
of the post-viral syndrome of Covid 19. In addition, there are other diseases such
as acute and chronic kidney damage, proteinuria, and stroke which are induced
by Covid 19.
Chinese
medicine treatment:
TCM has shown an excellent effect in the treatment
and prevention of Covid 19. The three formulas and three remedies recommended
by China's National Health Commission are
widely used in China during the pandemic. For treatment of chronic diseases TCM
may show more advantages. I treated some patients with post-viral syndrome in
the past few months. I would like to share my personal experience on the
treatment of this syndrome.
1) Post-viral
fatigue syndrome: The main pathogenesis of this syndrome is deficiency of qi
and blood. TCM theory believes “If there is
deficiency, supplement it”. TCM usually use Sijunzi decoction for replenishing
qi and Siwu decoction for nourishing blood. For the patient with more digestive
system disorders, we should benefit lung by tonifying spleen. Guipi Wan, or
ChenXia Liujunzi Decoction can be selected. Spleen and stomach are the source
of qi and blood. If spleen is strong, the qi and blood are sufficient, and the fatigue
will be improved. The food therapy can be applied. Add some Huangqi, Dangshen,
Danggui, Longyan, Gouqizi while cooking soups. Wuzhualong
is the most favourite herb of my tutor, Professor Deng Tietao.
It can not only invigorate qi, but also has the effect of reducing phlegm and
relieving cough. It is a very good choice for the Post-viral fatigue after
Covid 19.
2) Post-viral depression and PTSD: The depression
after Covid 19 is mostly due to liver-qi stagnation, and Xiaoyaosan and Chaihu Shugan
San can be used to relieve liver depression; PTSD symptoms are mostly due to
heart shen disturbed. Chinese medicine Baizi Yangxin Wan, Tianwang Buxin Wan
and Ganmai Dazao decoction can be selected.
I recommend adding Baihe, Meiguihua, Suxinhua, Yujin etc. to release the
depression. Appropriate psychological treatment can help, but it is not
recommended to use antidepressantsif not very necessary. Chinese
herbal medicine is a natural way of anti-depression.
3) Post-viral pulmonary fibrosis: For the
treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, Chinese medicine adopts the treatment
principles of clearing dryness and moisturizing the lungs, lowering qi and relieving
asthma, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. The
prescriptions are mostly Qingzao Jiufei Decoction, Suzi Jiangqi Decoction,
Sanzi Yangqin Decoction, plus Danshen, Chishaoyao, Sanqi and other herbs for
promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. There are many research
reports showing that single or compound Chinese medicine can significantly
improve pulmonary fibrosis in rats caused by bleomycin[5]. Among
them, the classic ancient prescription Yupingfeng
San has
shown good effect in anti-pulmonary fibrosis. I also have an English article
devoted to discussing the mechanism of Yupingfeng on the prevention and
treatment of Covid 19.
4)
Fibromyalgia caused by the virus: Acupuncture has a very good effect on the
treatment of fibromyalgia.
Acupuncture should be the first choice for muscle and joint pain after Covid 19.There
are many research reports on the mechanism of acupuncture analgesia. Not only
relieving pain, acupuncture is also a comprehensive treatment measure, which
can also alleviate related symptoms such as, depression, and sleep disorders.
5) Heart failure: Heart failure is more common in
severe case of Covid 19. In some mild cases tachycardia and arrhythmia can be
found after the virus. TCM usually chooses Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction and Shengmai San
to treat the heart failure. Studies have confirmed that these prescriptions can
improve myocardial blood supply, reduce myocardial oxygen consumption, improve
microcirculation and many other effects, thereby gradually improving heart
failure.
6) Loss of smell and taste after the Covid 19:
Acupuncture at Yingxiang (LI 20) and Bitong points beside the nose, and certain
specific areas of the scalp acupuncture, to help restore the sense of smell; Acupuncture
on the face, cheeks, and neck acupoints such as Dichang (ST4), Jiache (ST6) and
Lianquan (RN23) and combined with strengthening spleen herbs, can help restore
the sense of taste.
7) Infertility after Covid 19: Wuzi
Yanzong Wan can improve sperm quantity and quality,
improve sperm motility, improve semen liquefaction time, and increase
reproductive ability. It is used for the treatment of male infertility[6].
For female infertility Nuangong Yunzi Wan, Zishen Yutai Wan, or Fuke Bazhen Wan
can be selected according to the syndrome differentiation.
After the peak of the pandemic passed, it can be
predicted that the peak of post-viral syndrome will follow. Ray[1] suggests
that prevalence of fatigue-related symptoms after Covid 19 infection should be
studied first, and pragmatic, relatively low-cost techniques should be explored
to treat post-viral fatigue. Relieve symptoms and improve the quality of life
of people affected by the long-term sequelae of Covid 19. I think Chinese
medicine should be the best option. Patients and doctors must be aware of the
post-viral syndrome, and apply suitable treatment,ensuring a complete recovery and
to prevent it from recurring.
If the patient's virus test has turned negative, it is better co
Reference:
1.
Ray Perrin. Into the looking glass: Post-viral
syndrome post COVID-19. Med Hypotheses. 2020
Nov; 144: Published online 2020 Jun 27.
2.
Xie L Dynamic changes
of serum SARS-coronavirus IgG, pulmonary function and radiography in patients
recovering from SARS after hospital discharge[J]. Respir Res, 2005,6:5. DOI:
10.1186/1465-9921-6-5.
3.
Peter M. Pulmonary
fibrosis and COVID-19: the potential role for antifibrotic therapy. The Lancet
Respiratory Medicine. May 15, 2020
4.
Yunping Bai. A Chinese Herbal Formula
Ameliorates Pulmonary Fibrosis by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress via Upregulating
Nrf2. Front Pharmacol. 2018; 9: 628.
5.
Jiepeng Wang. Danggui Buxue
Tang ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats through
inhibiting transforming growth factor-β1/Smad3/ plasminogen activator
inhibitor-1 signaling pathway. J
Tradit Chin Med. 2020 Apr;40(2):236-244.
6. Dixin
Zou. Analysis
of pharmacological mechanisms and targets mining of Wuzi-Yanzong-Wan for
treating non-obstructive oligoasthenospermia. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019 Jul; 115:108898.
Saturday 18 July 2020
Sunday 12 July 2020
Saturday 30 May 2020
Friday 29 May 2020
Saturday 23 May 2020
Thursday 21 May 2020
Thursday 5 March 2020
Systematic Review of Modified Yupingfeng San and its Potential Effects on Covid 19
Yupingfeng San (YPF) is the most
commonly used formula for prevent disease in the history of traditional Chinese
medicine. It consists of three ingredients. They are Huangqi (Astmgali Radix),
Baizhu ( Largehead
Atractylodes Rh) and Fangfeng (Divaricate Saposhniovia Root.).
It has been widely used in China since the Yuan
dynasty (1217 AD). According to traditional Chinese medicine philosophy, this formula
can build
up healthy Qi and to prevent invasion of external evils. In Chinese “Yupingfeng” mean jade screen and “San” mean powder. Is it possible to use YPF to prevent and
treat Covid 19? Is there any scientific research evidence to support the
clinical application of this classical formula? This paper aimed to answer
these questions by systematic review.
Methods
Database includes PubMed, MEDLINE, CNKI, CSCD. Use Yupingfeng as key word.
Search time limit is from 2000-2020. All the Included articles
were published in English.
Results
1.
Immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory function
Inflammatory cytokine storm is very important pathological
change of Covid 19.
To
observe the Immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of YPF, Song J. applied YPF to treat a rat
chronic bronchitis model. The results showed that the inflammation in the pulmonary tissue
and the bronchus of rats was significantly reduced in the treatment groups. In serum samples collected at different times
from rats after administration of YPF, the result showed increased
proliferation of splenic lymphocytes area. They use serum samples of YPF group
to treat alveolar macrophages. The result found interleukin-8 (IL-8) in the
cell culture media has been inhibited [1].
IL-8
plays an important role in the pathogenesis of bronchitis and cystic fibrosis.
It also is a very important pathological factor in the cytokine storm of Covid 19 [2]. To investigate the immunomodulating mechanism
of YPF, Sun H applied YPF polysaccharides to treat mice lymphocytes and macrophages. The
results showed YPF polysaccharides effectively enhanced the proliferation of
lymphocytes and promoted mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase
(iNOS), IL-6, TNF-α, INF-γ, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of
activated B cells (NF-κB), and TLR-4 in lymphocytes and macrophages. Moreover, it
can effectively normalized cell proliferation and down regulated mRNA
expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, NF-κB, TLR-4, and iNOs in chronic
inflammation cells [3]. These cytokine factors all play important role in the chain reaction
of Covid 19 cytokine storm [2].
2.
Anti-virus effect function
Coronavirus is the pathogen of Covid 19. The anti-virus effect of
YPF was approved by some laboratory researches. To investigate the antivirus effect of YPF, Liu Q. applied real-time RT-PCR and western blotting technique to
detect influenza virus (IFV) and the human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV).
The result showed YPF extract inhibited both IFV and HRSV in a dose-dependent
manner when given before, during and after a viral infection. YPF was effective
in blocking the entry of the virus. Furthermore, pre-treatment with YPF reduced
the susceptibility of cells to the invasion of HRSV by inhibiting the
expression of ICAM-1. YPF extract increased the survival rate of lethal
influenza-infected mice, prolonged the survival time and alleviated the
virus-induced lung lesions, which is comparable with the effects of ribavirin
treatment [4]. To enhance the anti coronavirus function of YPF, I
added Lizhihe (Litchi core) in my
modified YPF formula, because of it can significantly inhibit protease activity
of SARS coronavirus
3CL [5].
3.
Anti-asthma function
Difficulty breathing is
one of the common symptoms of Covid 19. Previous studies showed YPF has a good
function of anti-asthma. Wang Z. reported that YPF could alleviate the
inflammation in the lung tissue of mice, decrease the proportion of Th17 cells,
and increase the proportion of Treg cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, it could decrease IL-4 and TNF-α level and increase TGF-β level in
blood [6]. Liu
X applied network pharmacology to explore
potential mechanism of YPF on asthma. In vitro experiments showed that YPF
significantly decreased the production of TNF-α and IL-6, as well as both mRNA
and protein levels of IL-1β, NLRP3, Caspase-1 and ASC. In vivo experiment showed
YPF treatment not only reduce the clinical symptoms, but also reduced
inflammatory cell infiltration, mucus secretion in lung of asthmatic mice.
Moreover, YPF treatment remarkably decreased the mRNA and protein levels of
IL-1β, NLRP3, Caspase-1 and ASC in lung of asthmatic mice [7].
4.
Anti pulmonary fibrosis
Pulmonary fibrosis is a major pathological change in Covid 19 patients.
YPF showed an anti pulmonary fibrosis function in the previous studies. Li
L applied
total extract of YPF to treat bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. The
result showed YPF treatment can reduce the alveolitis and fibrosis, reduced the
loss of body weight and increase of lung coefficient. YPF also significantly
decreased the levels of hydroxyproline and type I collagen, and reduced the
over-expression of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), transforming growth
factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), Col-I and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) .It can improve
lung fibrosis by alleviating HMGB1 activity and TGF-β1 activation [8].
Cui W applied the total glycoside of
Yupingfeng (YPF-G) to treat pulmonary fibrosis, the result found that both dose
of YPF-G significantly reduced bleomycin-induced alveolitis and pulmonary
fibrosis in rats. The levels of HMGB1, laminin, hyaluronic acid, and
hydroxyproline were effectively reduced. The increased protein expression of
HMGB1 was dramatically inhibited after YPF-G treatment [9].
5.
Clinical randomized controlled trials
Except laboratory research YPF also showed some good effects on
clinical trials of some related diseases include SARS. A meta-analysis aimed to
evaluate the immunomodulating function of YPF in children with recurrent
respiratory tract infections. Twelve trials with 1236 patients were identified.
YPF significantly increased serum levels of IgA, IgG, IgM and CD3 (+)
T-lymphocytes. It also reduced the frequency of recurrent respiratory tract
infections and increased total effective rates of symptom improvement [10].
A randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled study analysed 240
patients from eight centres in China. Participants were eligible if they had
mild to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. They were randomly
assigned to receive YPF or placebo. The result showed YPF group had a
significantly lower exacerbation rate than placebo group and a significantly
reduced risk of second exacerbation. The mean change in the COPD assessment
test score in the YPF group were signifacantly lower than placebo group [11].
During the epidemic period of SARS in
Hong Kong there were 2,601 medical staff administered with Kandu Bufei Decoction which is a modified YPF .It was
confirmed that 1,063 people had taken it for a successive two weeks. They were
regarded as the treatment group.The control group consisted of 15,374
subjects who didn’t take Chinese herbal medicine.The result showed: No one in the herbal
treatment group contracted the SARS infection while in the control group, 64(0.4%)
were infected [12].
Discussion
The pandemic of Covid 19
is gradually getting under control in China. Chinese herbal medicine played a
very important role in this battle against Covid 19 in China. More than 85% of
patients received herbal medicine treatment. Because the involvement of Chinese
herbal medicine the cure rate was significantly increased and mortality rate
significantly decreased.
YPF is a natural immune enhancer. Its immunoregulatory function can prevent viral infection.
The anti-inflammatory and antivirus function can block the cytokine storm reaction of Covid 19. The anti-asthma effect
can release the shortness of breath. The anti pulmonary fibrosis effect can reduce the pulmonary
fibrosis in the severe stages and
recover stages.
Conclusions
Based on above
research evidence we have reason to conclude YPF probably has the effects on prevention
and treatment of Covid 19.
Reference
- Song J. Anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects of Yupingfeng powder on chronic bronchitis rats. Chin J Integr Med. 2013; 19(5):353-9.
- Xuetao Cao. COVID-19: immunopathology and its implications for therapy. Nature Reviews Immunology . 2020; 20, 269-270.
- Sun H. Bidirectional immunomodulating activity of fermented polysaccharides from Yupingfeng. Res Vet Sci. 2017; 110:22-28.
- Liu Q. Jiawei-Yupingfeng-Tang, a Chinese herbal formula, inhibits respiratory viral infections in vitro and in vivo. J Ethnopharmacol. 2013; 150 (2):521-8.
- Shouji Gong. A study on anti-SARS. CoV 3CL protein of flavonoids from litchichinem sonn core. Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin 2008;24 (5): 699~700.
- Wang Z. Yupingfeng Pulvis Regulates the Balance of T Cell Subsets in Asthma Mice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016; 6916353.
- Liu X. Yupingfeng San Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome to Attenuate the Inflammatory Response in Asthma Mice. Front Pharmacol. 2017; 8, 1-12.
- Li L. Total extract of Yupingfeng attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats.Phytomedicine. 2015; 22 (1):111-9.
- Cui W. Total glycosides of Yupingfeng protects against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats associated with reduced high mobility group box 1 activation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.Inflamm Res. 2015; 64(12):953-61.
- Song T. Adjuvant Treatment with Yupingfeng Formula for Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections in Children: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Phytother Res. 2016; 30 (7):1095-103.
- Ma J. Effects of YuPingFeng granules on acute exacerbations of COPD: a randomized, placebo-controlled study.Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2018; 13, 3107-3114.
- Liu Dehui. Clinical Observation on the Preventive Effect of KangduBufei Decoction on AcuteSevere Respiratory Syndrome. Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine. 2004; 24(8): 685-688.
Tuesday 4 February 2020
My ten year blogger journey
Thursday 23 January 2020
How to prevent coronavirus infection?
Am J Chin Med. 2013;41(4):743-64.